Djibouti was formed from the French territories of the Afars and the Issas in 1977. Djibouti is located in Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia. The major ethnic groups are Somali, Afar, and others including French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian. The dominant religion is Muslim(94%). Djibouti is a republic that became independent from France on June 27, 1977. Hassan Gouled Aptidon became President after
the independence from France and installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. The Afars minority's dissatisfaction during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar Guelleh, who was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. The present leadership favors close ties with France, which maintains a significant military present in the country, but is also developing stronger ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism.
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